Each speaker has a distinct, sequential role in building the team's case.
First speaker
States the resolution and key terms, shows why the topic matters, and presents the team's first argument with evidence. The Negative first speaker also rebuts the Affirmative's definitions and main arguments.
Second speakers
Rebut the opposing side's charges, briefly reinforce their partner's case, and introduce new arguments with evidence — closing with a strong appeal to the audience.
Third speakers
Summarize the debate's key issues, group and rebut the opposing team's case, and defend their own — no new evidence except to directly counter opposing points.
General conduct
Speakers may refer to notes but not read a prepared speech. Points are deducted for exceeding time limits, reading speeches, or introducing new evidence out of turn.